مدل نقش دانش فن آورانه در تشخیص و بهره برداری از فرصتهای کارآفرینانه
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت استراتژیک
حسین ابوالحسنی
1
*
,
علی داوری
2
,
فرهاد سنجری فرد
3
1 - دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي
کلید واژه: نوآوری دانش فن آوری فرصت کارآفرینانه تشخیص و بهره برداری از فرصت,
چکیده مقاله :
كارآفرين برای تشخیص و بهره برداری موفق از فرصتها، بايستی محيط فن آورانه را خوب درك نموده، نيروهاي مشتق و عوامل بحراني را شناسايي كرده و به رابطه پوياي واقعي در بين اين اجزا پي ببرد. در این پژوهش که از نوع اكتشافي می باشد، با رویکرد پژوهشی، بر روی مطالعات حوزه تشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینانه استوار بوده و مدل مفهومی جدیدی در زمينه تاثیر دانش فن آورانه بر روی نوآوری و تشخیص و بهره برداری از فرصتها را ارائه می نماید. این مدل مفهومی بر اساس آرای دیگر محققان تدوین و ابتدا بر اساس نظرات خبرگان صنعتی و علمی ارزیابی و سپس با استفاده از داده های جمع آوری شده از صنایع غذایی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفته و سپس تحلیل و روایی آن بررسی گردیده است. نتایج تحلیلهای آماری قابلیت اعتماد این مدل را تایید می نماید. این مدل می تواند به عنوان راهنمایی برای سیاستگذاران دولتی، صاحبان صنایع و محققان در جهت دهی فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه مبتنی بر دانش مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
In order to recognize and exploit opportunities successfully, enterpreneurs should understand techological environment, recognize driven forces and critical factors and understand the dynamic and real relationship among these factors. In this research which is an exploratory one, based on opportunity recognition litratures, new conceptual model of the influence of techological knowledge on innovation and opportunity recognition and exploitation process is introduced and examined. This model is developed based on other researches findings, evaluated based on industries experts as well as academic professionals and then examined using data collected from food industries companies. The results of analysis which is done using SPSS & PLS confirmed the justifiability of the model. This model can help the governmental authorities and industry stakeholders as well as researchers to develop new knowledge oriented guidelines within entrepreneurial activities.
Aghion, P. (2014). Catch easily an additional point of growth, La Croix, 8 Septembre.#
Alsos, G. A. & Kaikkonen, V. (2004). Opportunity recognition and prior knowledge: A study of experienced entrepreneurs. Paper presented at the Nordic Conference in Small Business Research.#
Ardichvili, A. & Cardozo, R. & Ray, S. (2003). A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development. Journal of Business Venturing 18, 105–123.#
Braunerhjelm, P. (2010). Entrepreneurship, Innovation and economic growth – Past experience, current knowledge and policy implications. Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies (CESIS) Retrieved from http://www.cesis.se#
Buenstorf, G. (2007). Creation and Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: An Evolutionary Economics Perspective. Small Business Economics, 28(4), 323-337.#
Eckblad, J. & Golovko, E. (2016). Organizing for innovation, Journal of Evoloutionary Studies in Business, 1(1), 15-37.#
Casson, M. (1982).The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory. Totowa, N. J.: Barnes & Noble.#
Colobelli, A., Krafft, J., & Vivarelli, M. (2016). To be born is not enough: The key role of innovative startups, Institute for the study of labor, 9733. #
Davidsson, P. (2005). The Entrepreneurial Process as a Matching Problem.In Proceedings Academy of Management Conference, Hawaii.#
Dean, T. J. & McMullen, J.S. (2007). Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship: reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 50-76.#
Dimov, D.P. & Shepherd, D. A. (2005). Human capital theory and venture capital firms: exploring “Home runs” And “Strike outs”. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(1),1-21.#
Doganova, L. & Eyquem-Renault, M. (2009). What do business models do? Innovation devices in technology entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 38, 1559-1570.#
Drucker, P. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship, practice and principles. New York: Harper & Row.#
Dutta, D. K. & Crossan, M. M. (2005). The Nature of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Understanding the Process Using the 4I Organizational Learning Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 425-449.#
Fiet, J. O. (2002). The Systematic Search for Entrepreneurial Discoveries.Westport: Quorum Books.#
Figueroa, E. & Conceicao, P. (2000). Rethinking the innovation process in large organizations: a case study of 3M.Journal of Engineering AndTechnology Management, 17, 93-109. #
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.#
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.#
Kim, P., Aldrich, H. & Keister, L. (2006). Access (Not) Denied: The Impact of Financial,Human, and Cultural Capital on Entrepreneurial Entryin the United States. SmallBusiness Economics, 27(1), 5-22.#
Kirzner, I. M. (1973). Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.#
Klevorick, A., Levin, R., Nelson, R. &Winter, S. (1995). On the sources of significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities. Research Policy, 24, 185-205.#
Kuckertz, A.& Wagner, M. (2009).The influence of sustainability orientation on entrepreneurial intentions-Investigating the role of business experience.Journal of Business Venturing, Doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.001.#
McGrath, Rita G.; Thomas Keil, & Taina Tukiainen. (2012). “Extracting Value From Corporate Venturing.” MIT Sloan Management Review 48(1), sloanreview.mit.edu#
Narayanan, V. K., Yang, Y. & Zahra, S. A. (2009).Corporate venturing and value creation: A review and proposed framework. Research Policy, 38, 58-76.#
Nemeth, C. (1997). Managing innovation: When less is more. California Management Review, 40(1), 59-74.#
Otter, N. & Siemon, C. (2010). Can capitalism survive? A reconsideration of Schumpeter`s thesis on the self-destruction of capitalist society and the crisis. Paper presented at the International Schumpeter Society Conference on innovation, organization, sustainability and crises. Denmark: Aalborg University.#
Park, J. S. (2005). Opportunity recognition and product innovation in entrepreneurial hi-tech start-ups: A new perspective and supporting case study. Journal of Technovation, 25, 739-752.#
Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M. & Straub, D. W. (2012). A Critical Look at the Use of PLS-SEM in MIS Quarterly, MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 3-14.#
Rosenberg, N. & Nelson, R. (1994).American Universities and Technical Advance in Industry. Research Policy, 23, 325–348.#
Sanders, M. (2005).The origin of technical change; Knowledge generation, opportunities and entrepreneurship.Discussion paper prepared for Entrepreneurship and Growth: The nature of opportunity.#
Sarasvathy, S. D., Dew, N., Velamuri, S. R. & Venkataraman, S. (2003). Three views of entrepreneurial opportunity. In Z. Acs (Ed.), Handbook of entrepreneurship (pp. 141-160). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Press.#
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. #
Schumpeter, J. A.(1942). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy.New York: McGraw-Hill.#
Shane, S. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448-469.#
Shane, S. (2003). A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.#
Shane, S. (2009). Why Encouraging More People To Become Entrepreneurs Is Bad Public Policy. Small Business Economics, 33 (2), 141–9.#
Shane, S. & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research. Academy of Management Review, 25, 217-226.#
Shane, S., Nicolaou, N., Cherkas, L. &Spector, T. D. (2010). Do openness to experience and recognizing opportunities have the same genetic source? Human Resource Management, 49(2), 291-303.#
Shepherd, D. A. & DeTienne, D. R. (2005).Prior Knowledge, potential financial reward, and opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(1), 91-112.#
Siemsen, H. (2010).The Concept of Innovation - Schumpeter Revisited.Paper presented at the International Schumpeter Society Conference on innovation, organization, sustainability and crises.Denmark: Aalborg University.#
Stritar, R., Drnovsek, M. & Wincent, J. (2009).Opportunity recognition in the post-bubble period : Technology bundling, resource high-jacking and market lock-in mechanisms in Skype and YouTube. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 29, 0740-7416.#
Stangler, D. (2009). Creative discovery: Reconsidering the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation. Innovations, Spring, 119-137.#
Tang, J., Kacmar, K. M. & Busenitz, L. (2010).Entrepreneurial Alertness in the Pursuit of New Opportunities.Journal of Business Venturing, In Press.#
Usher, J. (1954). A history of mechanical invention. Cambridge, MA: Dover. #
Venkataraman, S. (1997). The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research.In J. A. Katz (Ed.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth, Greenwich, CT:JAI Press, 3, 119–138.#
Wahab, S. A., Rose, R.C., Uli, J. & Abdullah, H. (2009).Relationships between Knowledge, Technology Recipient, Technology Supplier, Relationship Characteristics and Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer.European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1), 86-102.#
Wang, T. & Libaers, D. (2015). Nonmimetic Knowledge and Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries, Product Development & Management Association, DOI: 10.1111/jpim.12306#
Ward, T. B. (2004). Cognition, creativity, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 19, 173-188.#
Wennberg, K., Wiklund, J., DeTienne, D. R. & Cardon, M. S. (2010). Reconceptualizing entrepreneurial exit: Divergent exit routes and their drivers. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 361–375.#
Westhead, P., Ucbasaran, D. & Wright, M. (2009).Information search and opportunity identification. International Small Business Journal, 27(6), 659-680.#
York, J. G. &Venkataraman, S. (2010). The entrepreneur-environment nexus: Uncertainty, innovation, and allocation. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 449-463.#
Zahra, S. A. (1996). Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating impact of industry technological opportunities. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1713-1735.#
Zahra, S.A., Keil, T. & Maula, M.V. (2005). Newventures’ inward licensing: examining theeffects of industry and strategy characteristics. European Management Review, 2(3), 154-166.#