بهينه‌سازي تبادل دانش در خوشه صنعتي به روش برنامه‌ريزي آرماني مطالعه موردي خوشه صنعتي خوراک دام گلستان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت دانش
حمیدرضا دزفولیان
1
(استادیار گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ، ایران )
پروانه سموئی
2
(استادیار گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ، ایران )
کلید واژه: خوشه صنعتي, تبادل دانش, برنامه‌ريزي آرماني, مطالعه موردي,
چکیده مقاله :
دانش به عنوان يک منبع استراتژيک در سازمان‌ها، عامل اصلي و موثري در ايجاد و تداوم مزيت رقابتي در آنهاست. در خوشه‌هاي صنعتي که شامل مجموعه‌اي از سازمان‌ها با زمينه فعاليت مشابه است، بين اعضا فعاليت‌هاي مشترکي به منظور صرفه‌جويي در منابع و تقويت توان رقابتيشان انجام مي‌شود. يکي از اين فعاليت‌هاي مشترک تبادل دانش بين اعضاست که باعث کاهش هزينه کسب دانش، افزايش همکاري بين شرکت‌ها، توانايي نوآوري و تقويت توان رقابتي آنها مي‌شود. در اين مقاله يک مدل برنامه‌ريزي آرماني براي فرآيند تبادل دانش در خوشه‌هاي صنعتي ارائه شده است که بر اساس داده‌هاي خوشه صنعتي خوراک دام، طيور و آبزيان گلستان پياده‌سازي و نتايج حاصل از آن مورد تحليل قرار گرفته است. رسيدن به درجه ايده‌آل دانش در خوشه و ميزان بودجه تعيين شده به عنوان دو آرمان مدل در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. در اين مدل براي فرآيند تبادل دانش دو شيوه حضوري و غيرحضوري در نظر گرفته شده که به لحاظ هزينه و طول دوره انتقال تفاوت‌هاي قابل ملاحظه‌اي دارند. تحليل پارامترهاي مدل و بررسي نتايج حاصل نشان مي‌دهد، استفاده از دو شيوه حضوري و غيرحضوري براي تبادل دانش اين امکان را براي شرکت‌ها فراهم مي کند که با توجه به شرايط کاري و منابع دردسترس خود به شکلي منعطف بتوانند، ميزان مشارکت خود را در فرآيند تبادل دانش بهبود بخشند. همچنين به مديران خوشه درک بهتري مي‌دهد تا قادر باشند با توجه به منابع موجود و اهداف تدوين شده، تصميم‌گيري و برنامه‌ريزي بهتري براي دستيابي به بازدهي بيشتر از فرايند تبادل دانش داشته باشند.
Knowledge as a strategic resource in organizations is a major and effective factor in creating and sustaining competitive advantage. In industrial clusters, which include a set of organizations with similar field of activities, there is a joint effort among members to save resources and enhance their competitive ability. One of these joint activities is the exchange of knowledge among the members, which reduces the cost of knowledge acquisition, increasing collaboration between companies, the ability to innovate and strengthen their competitive ability. In this paper, a goal programming model for the process of knowledge exchange in industrial clusters has been presented based on the data of industrial cluster of animal feed, poultry and aquaculture in Golestan and its results have been analyzed. Achieving the ideal degree of knowledge in the cluster and the amount of budget assigned are considered as two model ideals. In this model, for the process of knowledge exchange, there are two types of presence and non-attendance methods that have significant differences in terms of cost and duration of the transfer. Analyzing the model parameters and examining the results shows that the use of both face-to-face and non- attendance methods for the exchange of knowledge enables companies to flexibly participate in the process according to their working conditions and resources. It also provides better understanding to cluster managers in order to be able to make better decisions and planning in order to achieve greater returns from the knowledge transfer process, based on existing resources and goals.
اسماعيل‌پور، مجيد، بحريني‌زاد، منيژه و قائدي، حسينعلي. (1396). تاثير رويکردهاي سازمان بر موفقيت محصولات جديد با توجه به نقش ميانجي‌گري مديريت دانش مشتري و دانش بازار، راهبردهاي بازرگاني، شماره 10، ص. 47-62.
رمضاني، يوسف و مهرآرا، اسداله. (1390). مديريت دانش در بخش دولتي: مطالعه‌اي روابط بين عناصر سازماني و عمل انتقال دانش، ، راهبردهاي بازرگاني، شماره 1-47، ص. 181-194.
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal: Vol. 17: PP. 109–122
ناظمان، حميد و اسلامي‌فر، عليرضا (1389). اقتصاد دانش بنيان و توسعه پايدار (طراحي و آزمون يك مدل تحليلي با داده‌هاي جهاني)، مجلة دانش و توسعه، سال 17، شماره 33، ص. 184-214.
Renzle, B. (2012). Trust in Management and Knowledge Sharing: The Mediating effects of fear and Knowledge Documentation. Omega: Vol. 36: PP. 206-220.
Wijk, R. V. Jansen, J. J. P. & Lyles, M. A. (2008). Inter- and Intra-Organizational Knowledge Transfer: A Meta-Analytic Review and Assessment of its Antecedents and Consequences. Journal of Management Studies: Vol. 45: PP. 830-853.
Malmberg A. & Maskell P. (2002). The elusive concept of localization economies: towards a knowledge based theory of spatial clustering. Environ Plann.: Vol. 34(3): PP. 429–449.
Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harv Bus Rev.: Vol. 76(6): PP. 77–90
Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, competition, and economic development: local clusters in a global economy. Econ Dev Q: Vol. 14(1): PP. 15–34
Fang, Y. Liang, Q. & Jia, Z. (2011). Knowledge Sharing Risk Warning of Industry Cluster: An Engineering Perspective. Systems Engineering Procedia: Vol. 2: PP. 412 – 421.
Hoffmann, V. E. Bandeira-de-Mello, R. Molina-Morales, F. X. (2011). Innovation and Knowledge Transfer in Clustered Inter Organizational Networks in Brazil. Latin American Business Review: Vol. 12: PP. 143–163.
Connell, J. Kriz, A. & Thorpe, M. (2014). Industry clusters: an antidote for knowledge sharing and collaborative innovation?. Journal of Knowledge Management: Vol. 18(1): PP. 137-151.
Şeng&252;n, A. E. (2015). Does Informal Knowledge Sharing Breed Innovation in Industrial Clusters?. Boğaziçi Journal Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies: Vol. 29(1): PP. 53-79.
Alberti, F. G. & Pizzurno, E. (2015). Knowledge exchanges in innovation networks: evidences from an Italian aerospace cluster. Competitiveness Review: Vol. 25(3): PP. 258-287.
Kim, N. & Shim, C. (2018). Social capital, knowledge sharing and innovation of small- and medium-sized enterprises in a tourism cluster. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management: Vol. 30(6): PP. 2417-2437.
Han, Y. & Chen, G. (2018). The relationship between knowledge sharing capability and innovation performance within industrial clusters: Evidence from China. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies: Vol. 11(1): PP. 32-48.
Chen, M. Wang, H. Wang, M. (2018). Knowledge sharing, social capital, and financial performance: the perspectives of innovation strategy in technological clusters. Journal Knowledge Management Research & Practice: Vol. 16(1): PP. 89-104.
Wilson, L. Spoehr, J. (2010). Labour Relations and the Transfer of Knowledge in Industrial Clusters: Why do Skilled Workers Share Knowledge with Colleagues in Other Firms?. Geographical Research: Vol. 48(1): PP. 42–51.
Lopez-Saez, P. Navas-Lopez, J. E. Martin-de-Castro, G. & Cruz-Gonzalez, J. (2010). External knowledge acquisition processes in knowledge-intensive clusters. Journal of Knowledge Management: Vol. 14(5): PP. 690-707.
Sreckovic, M. & Windsperger, J. (2011). Organization of knowledge transfer in clusters: a knowledge-based view, In: Tuunanen M,Windsperger J, Cliquet G, Hendrikse G (eds) New developments in the theory of networks. Franchising, alliances and cooperatives. Springer. Berlin: PP. 318–334.
Sreckovic, M. & Windsperger, J. (2013). The Impact of Trust on the Choice of Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms in Clusters, Network Governance Contributions to Management Science. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: PP. 73-85.
Stackea, A. R. N. P. Hoffmannb, V. E. & Araujo Costa, H. (2012). Knowledge transfer among clustered firms: a study of Brazil. Anatolia – An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research: Vol. 23(1): PP. 90–106.
Richardson, C. (2013). Knowledge-sharing through social interaction in a policy-driven industrial cluster. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy: Vol. 2(2): PP. 160-177.
Dayasindhu, N. (2002). Embeddedness, knowledge transfer, industry clusters and global competitiveness: a case study of the Indian software industry. Technovation: Vol. 22: PP. 551–560.
Power, D. & Lundmark, M. (2004). Working through Knowledge Pools: Labor Market Dynamics, the Transference of Knowledge and Ideas, and Industrial Clusters. Urban Studies: Vol. 41(5/6): PP. 1025–1044.
Hoffmann, V. E. Lopes, G. S. C. & Medeiros, J. J. (2014). Knowledge transfer among the small businesses of a Brazilian cluster. Journal of Business Research: Vol. 67: PP. 856–864.
Bocquet, R. & Mothe, C. (2010). Knowledge governance within clusters: the case of small firms. Knowledge Management Research & Practice: Vol. 8: PP. 229–239.
Xiong, J. Duan, Z. & Wang, Y. (2013). Modeling and Simulation of the Inter-Organizational Knowledge Transfer Impact Factors in Industrial Clusters. The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: PP. 161-171.
Zhou, S. (2013). Study of Knowledge Diffusion FSAI Model for High-Tech SMES Clusters. The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: PP. 783-794.
Schmidt, D. M. Böttcher, L. Wilberg, J. Kammerl, D. & Lindemann, U. (2016). Modeling Transfer of Knowledge in an Online Platform of a Cluster. 26th CIRP Design Conference: PP. 348 – 353.
Giuliani, E. (2007). The selective nature of knowledge networks in clusters: evidence from the wine industry. Journal of Economic Geography: Vol. 7: PP. 139–168.
Guo, J. & Guo, B. (2008). The Evolution of Knowledge Network in Manufacturing Cluster: A Case in China. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE IEEM: PP. 890-894.
Chen, J. Chen, D. & Li, Z. (2008). The Analysis of Knowledge Network Efficiency in Industrial Clusters, International Seminar on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering 2008, IEEE:PP. 257-260.
Ilovici, I. & Han, J. (2003). Optimization of organizational knowledge transfer model. Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems.
Lin, X. & Zhang, Q. (2007). Optimization of Knowledge Sharing & Transfer Network. International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing: PP. 5613-5616.
Dong, S. Johar, M. & Kumar, R. (2012). Understanding key issues in designing and using knowledge flow networks: An optimization-based managerial benchmarking approach. Decision Support Systems: Vol. 53: PP. 646–659.
Dezfoulian, H.R. Afrazeh, A. & Karimi, B. (2017). A new model to optimize the knowledge exchange in industrial cluster: A case study of Semnan plaster production industrial cluster. Scientia Iranica: Vol. 24(2): PP. 834-846.