شناسایی رویکرد مناسب برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان: مطالعه چند موردی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت استراتژیکبهمن حاجی پور 1 * , حمیدرضا یزدانی 2 , محمد عصاریان 3
1 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 - دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک رویکرد کلاسیک رویکردهای غیرکلاسیک شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان مطالعه چند موردی ,
چکیده مقاله :
در شرایط متلاطم بازار رویکرد کلاسیک به استراتژی ساده‌انگارانه می‌باشد. شرکت‌ها بر مبنای بستری که دارند به رویکرد متفاوتی نیاز دارند. سازمان‌ها نه تنها باید رویکرد مناسبی را نسبت به برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک اتخاذ کرده یا ترکیبی صحیحی از رویکردهای مختلف را به‌کار گیرند، بلکه باید این ترکیب را همگام با تغییرات محیطی اصلاح کنند. در این پژوهش به تحلیل رویکرد مناسب برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان استان قم بر مبنای بسترشان پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش آمیخته و از روش تحقیق مطالعه چند موردی با تعداد 12 مورد استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش از مصاحبه عمیق با سوالات نیمه ساختاریافته برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها استفاده شده است و همچنین از مشاهدات و اسناد نیز استفاده شده است. رویکرد هر مرحله از برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک را بر مبنای 4 رویکرد استراتژیک بقا، عدم‌قطعیت، شبکه و یادگیری تعیین می‌شود. در انتها نیز رویکرد کلی در حوزه برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک با روش وزن‌دهی آنتروپی شانون و روش تاپسیس تعیین شده است. از نتایج تحقیق مشاهده می‌شود که هر شرکت ممکن است در مراحل مختلف برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک از رویکرد مختلفی یا دو رویکرد همزمان استفاده نماید و در نهایت رویکرد کلی مجموعه شرکت‌ها رویکرد یادگیری می‌باشد که نشان‌دهنده آن است که این دسته از شرکت‌ها به تعامل میان اعضا برای تدوین استراتژی خود به شدت نیازمند می‌باشند.
In market turbulent conditions, classic approach on strategy is too simplistic. Based on their context, companies need a different approach. Not only organizations should adopt a proper approach to strategy implementation or use a right combination of different approaches, but also they should reform such combination consistent with environmental changes. In the present study, Analyzes proper approach on strategy development in knowledge-based companies in Qom Province based on their context. This research is a mixed method and used a multiple case study methodology whit 12 samples. In the present study, Use depth interviews with semi-structured questions for data collection as well as the observations and documents has also been used. Determine each step of strategy Development including survival, uncertainty, network and learning approaches. Then, Determine overall approach on strategy Development by Shannon entropy weighting and TOPSIS techniques. The findings indicate that any company may use different or both approaches simultaneously in different steps of strategy development and Finally, The overall approach in the all of companies is learning approach, which indicates that this category of companies to interact among the members to formulate its strategy drastically need.
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